Showing posts with label WWII. Show all posts
Showing posts with label WWII. Show all posts

Wednesday, April 13, 2011

President Aquino hails 'unsung heroes




69 years after WW II, nation still thanking vets

PILAR, Bataan, Philippines—Tens of thousands of Filipino and American soldiers, both living and dead, were lauded by President Benigno Aquino III for their uncommon valor in Saturday’s commemoration of Araw ng Kagitingan at the World War II mountaintop shrine here.

Mr. Aquino said the Philippines would not be in a democracy now if not for the soldiers who put up a heroic resistance before succumbing to the superior force of the Japanese invaders in Bataan 69 years ago on Saturday.

“I know that you, our veterans, may have lost some battles during those times, but your courage and love for country became instruments in winning a larger war—a war to awaken the Filipino heart, which allowed us to achieve independence,” he said in a speech.

A day after the Social Weather Stations announced that his late parents—former Sen. Benigno Aquino Jr. and former President Corazon Aquino—ranked behind Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio as the Filipinos’ “real heroes,” Mr. Aquino particularly paid tribute to those lacking in accolades.

“There are the named and the nameless. Today, we gather to pay tribute to our unsung heroes,” he said.

US Ambassador Harry Thomas and Japanese Ambassador Makoto Katsura delivered their own speeches at the Mt. Samat ceremony. Among the other Filipino officials present were Defense Secretary Voltaire Gazmin, Education Secretary Armin Luistro and top military officers.

War veterans and their families also participated in the event.

The President said that three generations after the war, the government was still trying its best to show its gratitude in terms of services for the vets and their families.

“More than seven decades after, we still remember your sacrifices,” he said, adding:

“Our generation has a lot to learn from our veterans. We would do well to emulate the spirit of service that they exhibited.

“Let us show that their sacrifices have not gone to waste.”

Mr. Aquino said the Philippine Veterans’ Memorial Medical Center had upgraded its operations with additional equipment and improvements in the operating room and intensive care unit.

“The Philippine Veterans’ Affairs Office (PVAO) has also ensured that there are more hospitals across the country where veterans and their families can receive an P800 daily subsidy for every day of confinement in the hospital,” he said.

Mr. Aquino reported that the Department of National Defense (DND) had allocated P1 million for the health insurance of qualified veterans under a memorandum of agreement between the PVAO and Philippine Health Insurance Corp. (PhilHealth).

He said the government had been monitoring the implementation in the Philippines of the Veterans Equity Compensation Act signed by US President Barack Obama in 2009 to make sure the benefits were received by the genuine veterans.

The law provides $9,000 to Filipino vets and $15,000 to those who had taken American citizenship.

About 8,000 vets have received the equity, Mr. Aquino said.

Ghost pensioners

The President also declared that the anomaly of “ghost pensioners” among the war vets had been put to rest.

He said the systems put in place by the PVAO since 2008 had resulted in savings of P4 billion.

“Our latest news from the [DND] is that ghost pensioners are already part of history,” the President said.

“The funds have been returned and saved,” he said, adding that this had enabled the government to pay off 50 percent of debts to more or less 30,000 veterans.

The systems cited by the President include the Direct Remittance Pension Servicing System, which not only ensured fast and sure payment of pensions but also prevented those who failed to open bank accounts within a year from further receiving payments.

Then there are the Revalidation Program and the PVAO pensioners’ identification system that “further identified veterans that already died and that are no longer eligible to receive money.”

Best allies

The President cited the United States and Japan as the Philippines’ best allies after the war.

“I know that three generations ago, the three of us were in conflict. But since then, our country has had no greater friends than the United States and Japan,” he said.

Mr. Aquino said that Japan had been a partner toward economic progress as it provided the needed technology to cope with calamity, and that the United States shared with the Philippines “a long history of cooperation and mutual defense.”

“Time has proven that we can count on allies like them, and I am confident that they will stand by us should there be a threat again to our security and sovereignty and that they will support the path that we have taken toward transparency and progress,” he said.

With these partnerships, he said, he would continue efforts to stamp out corruption and poverty.

Mixed feelings

There were mixed feelings among the war vets after hearing the President’s speech.

“I should thank [Mr. Aquino] for showing care for us veterans. He has not forgotten our welfare. I hope he can really clean up the pension system of the PVAO,” said Constancio Serrano, 80.

A native of Plaridel, Bulacan, Serrano served in the Philippine Constabulary where he retired as a colonel.

But Roberto Gacayan, 84, of San Fernando City in La Union, was dismayed.

“I was waiting for him to say there would be an increase in our pension. We get only P5,000 a month, which is not enough for our everyday needs,” said Gacayan, who fought under the 121st Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Scouts.

But Gacayan said he was not complaining.

“I know the President is new on the job and he cannot instantly solve many concerns. But I’m happy the President came today. I think his coming shows that he cares for us,” Gacayan said.

Serrano and Gacayan were among some 500 soldiers, accompanied by their family members, who attended the Araw ng Kagitingan ceremony at Mt. Samat.

‘You’re still my boss’

While he did not promise a new package of benefits, Mr. Aquino vowed to ensure improved and additional services to the “unsung heroes.”

He urged the public to “emulate [the vets’] spirit of service” in the battle against the “new foes,” corruption and poverty.

“The sincerity will continue. Nothing will change. You are still my boss,” Mr. Aquino said.

He requested one thing from the veterans and their families: “I ask that we keep on helping each other and working for the benefit of all.” With a report from Tonette Orejas, Inquirer Central Luzo.



- Written by Norman Bordadora - Philippine Daily Inquirer




Friday, March 11, 2011

Freedom at Last (January 30, 1945)





The Philippines was the last major conquest of Japan in the Pacific.[i]The guerrillas contributed greatly to the liberation of the Philippines. [ii]

All throughout the province today, the memory of that period remains. Its legacy to the generations of Filipinos who have lived and breathed freedom since the end of the Second World War is described in a marker that stands till today at the entrance to Bataan:

“The little mountainous peninsula of Bataan saved democracy and the whole world from the evil hands of the devil” – From a radio broadcast of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, January 5, 1945.”[iii]


[i] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 124

[ii] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 123

[iii] Fr. Wilfredo C. Paguio, Bataan Land of Valor, People of Peace, Jardi Press, 1997, p. 106


Thursday, March 10, 2011

Behind The Enemy Lines (January 28, 1945)





The fall of Bataan and Corregidor in 1942 ended the organized Fil_american resistance to the Japanese invasion. But the resistance to the Japanese continued in the form of guerrilla warfare waged by former Filipino soldiers and a few Americans who did not surrender to the Japanese. The ranks of the guerrillas were strengthened when released Filipino prisoners of war, Filipino civilians who wanted to take revenge on the Japanese for their cruelty, and patriotic young men and women joined them.[i]

The guerrilla movement included many high-ranking officials of the Japanese-sponsored government who passed on vital information to the guerrillas about Japanese military plans and activities.[ii]

U.S. submarines supplied the guerrillas with arms and ammunition, communications equipment, food and medical supplies.[iii]


[i] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 123

[ii] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 123

[iii] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 123


Death March & The Prisoners of War





On that same day April 9, 1942, the Death March began. It was a trek of close to 80,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war that began in Mariveles, Bataan, down the dusty roads that cut through the eastern towns of the province, through Lubao and Guagua, and finally, San Fernando, Pampanga, from where they were transported by trains to the concentration camp in Capas, Tarlac.[i]

The 76,000 Filipino and American Soldiers who surrendered in Bataan underwent a terrible ordeal. They were forced by the Japanese to march a distance of more than 100 kilometers, under a broiling sun with little or no food and water. Thousands of Filipino and American prisoners of war died along the way, many of them brutally killed by Japanese guards. This was the infamous “Bataan death March” for which LT. Gen. Masaharu Homma, commander of the Japanese Imperial Forces in the Philippines, was found guilty of war crimes by an Allied military tribunal after the war and was sentenced to death by hanging.[ii]

Corregidor held out for a little while longer, but it, too, capitulated to the enemy on May 6, 1942. the Fall of Corregidor signalled the end of organized Fil-American resistance to the Japanese.[iii]

The Japanese invaded the Philippines, and for three-and-a-half years, they governed the country.[iv]


[i] Fr. Wilfredo C. Paguio, Bataan Land of Valor, People of Peace, Jardi Press, 1997, p. 106

[ii] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 119

[iii] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 119

[iv] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 117


Wednesday, March 9, 2011

The Battle Begins (January 11, 1942)






The Road to War

World War II actually began in Europe on September 1, 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland. Great Britain and later, France, which had promised to defend Poland in case of attack, declared war on Germany.[i]

In Asia, the Japanese attack and invasion of China caused some tension between Japan and the United States. The U.S. was sharply critical of Japan's aggression in China. In 1939, the U.S. terminated its trade agreement with Japan. As a result, Japan could no longer buy most of the metals, machinery and other materials she needed for her war efforts.[ii]

When Japanese forces occupied French-Indo_china in July 1941, the Americans reacted by imposing an oil embargo on Japan and freezing all Japanese assets in the United States. In addition, the U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw her forces from China and Indo-China. In the face of these developments, Japan decided to go to war against the United States and Great Britain.[iii]

The Outbreak of War

Without any formal declaration of war, the Japanese launched a surprise air attack at the U.S. naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in the morning of December 7, 1941. Pear Harbor was the head-quarters and main base of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. Caught unprepared, the U.S. suffered heavy losses.[iv]

The next day, December 8, President Roosevelt appeared before the U.S. Congress to ask for a declaration of war against Japan, describing as December 7 as "a date which will live in infamy." On December 11, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. The U.S. Congress immediately responded by declaring war on the two European allies of Japan.[v]

The War in the Philippines

On December 8, 1941, Japanese planes bombed Davao, Tuguegarao, Iba, Tarlac, and Pampanga where the U.S. had military bases. The air raids caught the Americans by surprise. On the following day Manila was bombed. Thereafter there were almost daily air raids in Manila and other places in the country.[vi]

As the year 1941 came to an end, Gen. Douglas MacArthur, who was directing the American forces in the Far East from his base in Manila, moved into the Bataan Peninsula to set up the defense of the Philippines. All the men who could fight and all the youths who were willing to, withdrew from the city to Bataan, determined to hold on to this last ground where the flags of the Philippines and the United States could still fly free.[vii]

Bataan was ideal for defense. The province had a number of steep mountains and hills, thriving rivers, and was covered with thick jungle. The defenders - with a strength of about 83,000 men, chose an area between Mauban and Mabatang as their main line of resistance, and the second line, the rear battle position, lay across the road from Bagac and Orion.[viii]

Without aerial support and inadequately equipped, the Fil-American Forces retreated to the Bataan peninsula, there to make their last stand while waiting for promised reinforcement from America that never arrived.[ix]

Eventually, on January 11, 1942 at 11:30 pm at the Abucay line, the joint American and Filipino army were besieged by the ferocious Japanese invaders.

[i] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 117

[ii] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 117

[iii] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 117

[iv] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 117

[v] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 118

[vi] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 118

[vii] Fr. Wilfredo C. Paguio, Bataan Land of Valor, People of Peace, Jardi Press, 1997, pp.104-105

[viii] Fr. Wilfredo C. Paguio, Bataan Land of Valor, People of Peace, Jardi Press, 1997, pp.104-105

[ix] Alberto S. Abeleda Jr., The Nation in Focus, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2007, p. 118-119

Tuesday, March 1, 2011

Bataan at a Glance





Bataan rings a chord in the heart of every Filipino. It is a symbol of democracy and freedom – a memorial to the gallant Filipino-American defenders of Bataan who fought decisive battles that delayed the timetable of the well-equipped and better trained Japanese Imperial forces, and changed the course of history in the Pacific.

Obscure and relatively unknown before World War II, Bataan was founded in 1754 by Governor General Pedro Manuel Arandia. The region was divided into two parts – The Corregimiento of Mariveles and the province of Pampanga. The towns of Mariveles, Bagac, Morong, and Maragondong, Cavite comprised the Corregimiento of Mariveles which was under the jurisdiction of the Recollect Order of the Roman Catholic Church. The province of Pampanga included the towns of Orion, Pilar, Balanga, Abucay, Samal, Orani, Llana Hermosa, and San Juan de Dinalupihan. The group was under the charge of the Dominican Order.

The Dominicans founded Abucay on June 10, 1588, Samal on April 30, 1641, Orion April 30, 1667, Orani and Balanga on April 21, 1714, Llana Hermosa May 8, 1756 and Pilar March 10, 1901. The three towns on the western side-Mariveles, Bagac and Morong were founded by the Franciscans in about 1578.

Bataan has more than its share of significant historical events: in 1574, the dreaded Chinese Limahong used Lusong point at the western side of Bataan as a landing place; in 1647, the Dutch Naval Forces perpetrated the Abucay Massacre; and the Bataan Death March to Capas, Tarlac started in the municipalities of Mariveles and Bagac. Today, touching commemorative shrines are dedicated to the memory of those who resisted the Japanese occupation – a bayonet thrust into the ground with a helmet symbolically slung over the riffle butt to mark the start of the Death March; and the imposing “Dambana ng Kagitingan” on top of Mt. Samat in Pilar, Bataan.

Bataan is a province faced with a challenge. It is on the verge of becoming both an extensive industrialization hub and a tourist haven which may well be the equivalent of the dynamic force it exuded in its historic past.

 
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